Psalm 110 is one of the most significant Psalms in the Hebrew Bible and is often referenced as regarding  the identity of the Messiah. This Psalm is attributed to King David and is notable for its prophetic nature. 

The Psalm begins with the phrase, "The Lord says to my Lord," which has long been interpreted to denote a conversation between God and the Messiah. In this dialogue, God grants authority to the Messiah, signifying His sovereignty. The statement "Sit at my right hand" serves to highlight the exalted position of the Messiah, indicating a place of honor and power over all enemies.

Verses within this Psalm also allude to the Messiah’s role as a priest. Specifically, Psalm 110:4 which references the priestly order of Melchizedek, suggesting that the Messiah will transcend traditional Levitical priesthoods. This dual role as both king and priest underscores the unique nature of the Messiah as understood in both Jewish and Christian interpretations.

The New Testament strongly connects Psalm 110 to Jesus Christ. The writers of the of the New Testament, notably in the Gospels and the Book of Hebrews, assert that Jesus fulfills the messianic prophecies outlined in this psalm. His resurrection and ascension are seen as the realization of “sitting at the right hand” of God, thereby fulfilling the position of authority mentioned.

In summary, Psalm 110 is integral to the understanding of the Messiah. It highlights themes of kingship, priesthood, and divine authority that resonate through religious texts and traditions, fostering a deeper understanding of the Messiah's role throughout history.